In some cases (especially in countries where open discussion is not encouraged) both the facts and the narrative emphasis are often distorted. However even in areas where free inquiry is championed interpretation may vary. Here are some examples
- The War of 1812 is largely seen in the US as an American victory over the British. In Canada the interpretation is to see the war as a win or at the very least a draw (US invasion of Canada was stopped and the British burnt the White House);
- The 1948 Arab-Israeli War is seen by Israel as a war of survival where the country beat back a multitude of Arab Armies, Palestinians see it as the Nakba (source of a Palestinian exodus) and the origin of the modern strife in the region today;
- The British saw the Second Anglo-Boer (1899–1902) as a necessary victory for the Empire, Afrikaners see it as negatively impacting their self determination and the context for a great deal of human rights abuse (Afrikaner Women and Children were herded into concentration camps by the Brits);
- Manifest Destiny was viewed traditionally as a positive expansion of the American ideal, Indigenous Americans often see it as a genocide.
- Turkish apologists often justified the actions of their regime towards the Armenians as necessary recourse in a time of war, Armenians and almost all others see it as a genocide.
- Japanese textbooks rarely deal with the issue of the Rape of Nanking (1937) this is not the case with Chinese texts;
- The Horrors of the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution have traditionally been downplayed in China, this is not necessarily the case elsewhere
- The Bolsheviks saw the Red-White war as a necessary fight to save Russia from the old order and Western Imperialism, Western countries viewed it as a valiant attempt to defeat a loathsome ideology.
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