Ancient Egypt III
1. What were the names of the two store cities the Hebrews built?
2. How many pharoahs were called Ramases (to the nearest 2)?
3. What domestic animal was held up as sacred by the Ancient Egyptians?
4. Who was the God of the Nile?
5. Who was his wife?
6. During which Dynasty were the Great Pyramids built?
7. What did Ramses II three last wives have in common with respect to their burial?
8. Which European country was responsible for establishing an Egyptian Dynasty?
9. Which kingdom ruled Egypt during the 7th Century BC?
10. Who was the last ruler of Egypt?
11. Which people dominated Egypt between the Middle and New Kingdom?
12. How did Cleopatra die?
13. What disease identified from mummy investigations is thought to have caused high death rates in Ancient Egypt?
14. Who were the Hyksos?
15. To which entity was Ra united with in later Egyptian mythology?
Answers to Ancient Egypt III
1. Pithom and Ramases.
2. 12
3. The cat.
4. Osiris
5. Isis
6. 4th Dynasty.
7. They were all buried in the Valley of the Queens.
8. Greece -Ptolemaic dynasty. Ptolemy was one of Alexander the Great’s generals.
9. The Saite Kingdom.
10. Cleopatra
11. Libyans
12. She allowed herself to be bitten by an asp (a type of snake) in order to commit suicide.
13. Tuberculosis
14. An invader race who dominated Egypt during the period between the Old and Middle Kingdoms.
15. Ammon to create Ammon-Ra.
Thursday, December 27, 2007
Saturday, December 15, 2007
100 Great Military Figures
In order:
Taken from my website:
http://www.lonelythinker.com/hist340.html
Name-Description-Key Wars/Campaigns
1. Alexander the Great - Macedonian/Greek king. Persian Wars and the Alexandrian drive for Empire in the 4th century BC.
2. Napoleon Bonaparte - French Emperor. Napoleonic Wars late 18th century to 1815.
3. Julius Caesar - Roman General. Roman Wars against the Barbarians in particular the Gallic Wars.
4. Tamerlane - Tatar leader. Tatar conquests of the 14th and 15th centuries.
5. John Churchill - aka Duke of Marlborough. English general in War of the Spanish Succession.
6. Sun Tzu - Chinese Philosopher. Wrote the Art of War. A timeless bible on warfare strategy.
7. Genghis Khan - Mongol leader. Mongol conquests 12th and 13th century.
8. Karl Clausewitz - Prussian General and influential military theorist.
9. Erwin Rommel - German General. North African Campaign of World War II.
10. Saladin - Kurdish Warrior. War of the Crusades. Led Muslim resistance.
11. Lord Nelson - British Admiral during the Napoleonic Wars.
12. Richard the Lionheart - English king. 3rd Crusade.
13. Heinz Guaderain - German General. Second World War. Proponent of the Blitzkrieg.
14. Frederick the Great - Prussian king. War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years War.
15. Helmuth von Moltke - German General and master strategist. World War I.
16. Gustavus Adolphus - Swedish king. The Thirty Years War.
17. Ariel Sharon - Israeli General. Yom Kippur War.
18. Marshal Zhukov - Russian General. Second World War.
19. George Washington - American Revolution.
20. Peter the Great - Russian Tsar. Northern Wars between Russia and Sweden.
21. Robert Clive - British general led conquest of India.
22. Shaka Zulu - Zulu Chief. Wars leading to the formation of the Zulu Empire.
23. Justinian the Great - Byzantine Emperor led campaigns against the Vandals and Barbarians.
24. Hannibal - Leader of Carthage. Second Punic War against Rome.
25. David - Hebrew King. Campaigns against the Philistines.
26. Scipio Africanus - Roman General. Second Punic War against Carthage.
27. Edward I - English king. Crusades and the war against the Scots and the Welsh.
28. Menelik - Abyssinian leader. Defeated Italians at Adowa in 1896.
29. Douglas MacArthur - American general. Second World War (Far East Campaign) and the Korean War.
30. Charlemagne - French king. Wars against the Moors and other 'pagan' forces in creating a French super state.
31. Prince Eugene of Savoy - Austrian General. War of the Spanish Succession.
31A. Francis Drake - English Naval figure/pirate. Shipping Wars against Spain.
32. Atilla the Hun - Terrorizing of Europe toward the end of the West Roman Empire.
33. Robert the Bruce - Scottish King. War against the English in the 13th century.
34. General Giap - North Vietnamese General. Vietnam War.
35. William Sherman - American Union General. American Civil War.
36. Moshe Dayan - Israeli General. Six Day War (1967)
37. Earl Kitchener - British/Irish Field Marshal. Campaigns against the Mahdi in Sudan.
38. Sulamein the Magnificent - Wars for the Expansion of the Ottoman Empire.
39. Paul von Hindenburg - German General . World War I.
40. Lysander - Spartan Naval Commander during Pelopennesian Wars.
41. George Patton - American General. World War II.
42. Chi Huanghdi - Chinese Emperor started dynasty after which the country is named. Campaigns against the Barbarians in the 3rd century BC.
43. Louis IX - French king. Crusades and the War against the English.
44. Mikhail Kutuzov - Russian Field marshal. War against the Turks and the Napoleonic wars.
45. Oliver Cromwell - English general/politician. Lead forces of Parliament in English Civil War - 17th century.
46. Fabianus - Roman General. Pioneered delaying strategy during Second Punic War.
47. Stonewell Jackson - US Confederate General. American Civil War.
48. Pompey - Roman General. Defeated Spartacus, Mithridates VI and the Marians in the 1st century BC.
49. Mosheshoe - Basuto king. Father of Lesotho. Wars against the British and the Boers.
50. Mikhail Tukachevsky - Russian General. War of the Reds and the Whites. War against Poland.
51. Henry V - Holy Roman Empire. Wars against the French and Protestant forces.
52. Philip of Macedonia - Wars for the Unification of Greece.
53. Geronimo - Apache leader. Waged war against internment on reservation in the
1870's.
54. Arthur Wellesley - British/Irish General aka Duke of Wellington. Peninsular War and the Napoleonic Wars.
55. Joshua - Hebrew leader. Conquest of Canaan.
56. Hernando Cortes - Spanish soldier. Defeat of the Aztecs.
57. William the Conqueror - Norman king. Invasion of England in 1066.
58. Jan Smuts - South African general. Boer War. Important figure in World War I and World War II allied planning.
59. Robert E. Lee - Confederate General. American Civil War.
60. Marshal Blucher - Prussian General during Napoleonic War.
61. Dwight D. Eisenhower - American Supreme Allied Commander. World War II.
62. Marshal Radetsky - Austrian General. Revolutions of 1948-49.
63. Otto the Great - King of the Germans. War against the 'pagans' in the 10th century BC.
64. Count Bernadotte - French/Swedish General/King. Napoleonic War.
65. Mao Zedong - Chinese Communist leader. War against Japan (WWII) and the fight against the Nationalists.
66. Francisco Pissaro - Spanish conquistador. Conquest of the Inca.
67. Henry of Navarre - French King. War of the Three Henrys.
68. Robert Blake - English Admiral. Anglo-Dutch Wars.
69. Ho Chi Minh - Vietnamese leader. Wars against the Japanese, French and Americans.
70. Akbar - Mughal Emperor. Conquest of India the 16th century.
71. Hulagu - Mongol warlord. Grandson of Genghis Khan. Led drives that exterminated the Assassin sect. Waged War against the Arabs and Persia.
72. Albrecht Wallenstein - Austrian General. Thirty Years War.
73. Charles XII - Swedish King. Northern European Wars.
74. Maarten Tromp - Dutch Admiral. Anglo-Dutch Wars.
75. General John J. Pershing - US General. World War I.
76. Alphonso VIII. - Spanish King. Wars against the Moors.
77. Simon Bolivar - South American revolutionary. War of Liberation against Spain.
78. Louis Faidherbe - French General. West African campaigns in the 19th century.
79. Babar - Mughal Emperor. Wars for Empire Expansion.
80. Cyrus the Great - Persian king. War against the Babylonians.
81. Erich von Luddendorf - German General. World War I.
82. Marshal Tito - Yugoslav Partisan leader - World War II.
83. Alfred Von Tirpitz - German Admiral. World War I.
84. Bernardo O' Higgins - Chilean Revolutionary. Chilean War of Independence.
85. John Paul Jones - American Admiral. American Revolution.
86. Harun Al Rashid - Arab leader. Wars of Arab Conquest.
87. Jahangir - Mughal Emperor. Wars of Mughal Expansion.
88. Jose de San Martin - South American Revolutionary. War of Independence from Spain.
89. Ulysses Grant - Union General. American Civil War.
90. Ferenc Rákóczi II - Hungarian prince. Led revolts against Austrians in 18th century.
91. General Wolfe - British General. Seven Years War - north American campaign.
82. Frederick I Barbarossa - German King. Crusader wars.
93. Darius I - Persian Emperor. Greek-Persian Wars.
94. Gerd Von Runstedt - German general. World War II.
95. Ferdinand Foch - French military leader. World War I.
96. Murad I - Ottoman sultan. Wars of Ottoman expansion - 14th century.
97. Ahmad Shah - Central Asian Warlord. Wars of Afghani expansion - 18th century.
98.Nebuchadnezzer II -Babylonian King. Drove Babylonian expansion. Captured Jerusalem.
99. Bayezid I - Ottoman sultan. Led Ottoman advances into Eastern Europe
Taken from my website:
http://www.lonelythinker.com/hist340.html
Name-Description-Key Wars/Campaigns
1. Alexander the Great - Macedonian/Greek king. Persian Wars and the Alexandrian drive for Empire in the 4th century BC.
2. Napoleon Bonaparte - French Emperor. Napoleonic Wars late 18th century to 1815.
3. Julius Caesar - Roman General. Roman Wars against the Barbarians in particular the Gallic Wars.
4. Tamerlane - Tatar leader. Tatar conquests of the 14th and 15th centuries.
5. John Churchill - aka Duke of Marlborough. English general in War of the Spanish Succession.
6. Sun Tzu - Chinese Philosopher. Wrote the Art of War. A timeless bible on warfare strategy.
7. Genghis Khan - Mongol leader. Mongol conquests 12th and 13th century.
8. Karl Clausewitz - Prussian General and influential military theorist.
9. Erwin Rommel - German General. North African Campaign of World War II.
10. Saladin - Kurdish Warrior. War of the Crusades. Led Muslim resistance.
11. Lord Nelson - British Admiral during the Napoleonic Wars.
12. Richard the Lionheart - English king. 3rd Crusade.
13. Heinz Guaderain - German General. Second World War. Proponent of the Blitzkrieg.
14. Frederick the Great - Prussian king. War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years War.
15. Helmuth von Moltke - German General and master strategist. World War I.
16. Gustavus Adolphus - Swedish king. The Thirty Years War.
17. Ariel Sharon - Israeli General. Yom Kippur War.
18. Marshal Zhukov - Russian General. Second World War.
19. George Washington - American Revolution.
20. Peter the Great - Russian Tsar. Northern Wars between Russia and Sweden.
21. Robert Clive - British general led conquest of India.
22. Shaka Zulu - Zulu Chief. Wars leading to the formation of the Zulu Empire.
23. Justinian the Great - Byzantine Emperor led campaigns against the Vandals and Barbarians.
24. Hannibal - Leader of Carthage. Second Punic War against Rome.
25. David - Hebrew King. Campaigns against the Philistines.
26. Scipio Africanus - Roman General. Second Punic War against Carthage.
27. Edward I - English king. Crusades and the war against the Scots and the Welsh.
28. Menelik - Abyssinian leader. Defeated Italians at Adowa in 1896.
29. Douglas MacArthur - American general. Second World War (Far East Campaign) and the Korean War.
30. Charlemagne - French king. Wars against the Moors and other 'pagan' forces in creating a French super state.
31. Prince Eugene of Savoy - Austrian General. War of the Spanish Succession.
31A. Francis Drake - English Naval figure/pirate. Shipping Wars against Spain.
32. Atilla the Hun - Terrorizing of Europe toward the end of the West Roman Empire.
33. Robert the Bruce - Scottish King. War against the English in the 13th century.
34. General Giap - North Vietnamese General. Vietnam War.
35. William Sherman - American Union General. American Civil War.
36. Moshe Dayan - Israeli General. Six Day War (1967)
37. Earl Kitchener - British/Irish Field Marshal. Campaigns against the Mahdi in Sudan.
38. Sulamein the Magnificent - Wars for the Expansion of the Ottoman Empire.
39. Paul von Hindenburg - German General . World War I.
40. Lysander - Spartan Naval Commander during Pelopennesian Wars.
41. George Patton - American General. World War II.
42. Chi Huanghdi - Chinese Emperor started dynasty after which the country is named. Campaigns against the Barbarians in the 3rd century BC.
43. Louis IX - French king. Crusades and the War against the English.
44. Mikhail Kutuzov - Russian Field marshal. War against the Turks and the Napoleonic wars.
45. Oliver Cromwell - English general/politician. Lead forces of Parliament in English Civil War - 17th century.
46. Fabianus - Roman General. Pioneered delaying strategy during Second Punic War.
47. Stonewell Jackson - US Confederate General. American Civil War.
48. Pompey - Roman General. Defeated Spartacus, Mithridates VI and the Marians in the 1st century BC.
49. Mosheshoe - Basuto king. Father of Lesotho. Wars against the British and the Boers.
50. Mikhail Tukachevsky - Russian General. War of the Reds and the Whites. War against Poland.
51. Henry V - Holy Roman Empire. Wars against the French and Protestant forces.
52. Philip of Macedonia - Wars for the Unification of Greece.
53. Geronimo - Apache leader. Waged war against internment on reservation in the
1870's.
54. Arthur Wellesley - British/Irish General aka Duke of Wellington. Peninsular War and the Napoleonic Wars.
55. Joshua - Hebrew leader. Conquest of Canaan.
56. Hernando Cortes - Spanish soldier. Defeat of the Aztecs.
57. William the Conqueror - Norman king. Invasion of England in 1066.
58. Jan Smuts - South African general. Boer War. Important figure in World War I and World War II allied planning.
59. Robert E. Lee - Confederate General. American Civil War.
60. Marshal Blucher - Prussian General during Napoleonic War.
61. Dwight D. Eisenhower - American Supreme Allied Commander. World War II.
62. Marshal Radetsky - Austrian General. Revolutions of 1948-49.
63. Otto the Great - King of the Germans. War against the 'pagans' in the 10th century BC.
64. Count Bernadotte - French/Swedish General/King. Napoleonic War.
65. Mao Zedong - Chinese Communist leader. War against Japan (WWII) and the fight against the Nationalists.
66. Francisco Pissaro - Spanish conquistador. Conquest of the Inca.
67. Henry of Navarre - French King. War of the Three Henrys.
68. Robert Blake - English Admiral. Anglo-Dutch Wars.
69. Ho Chi Minh - Vietnamese leader. Wars against the Japanese, French and Americans.
70. Akbar - Mughal Emperor. Conquest of India the 16th century.
71. Hulagu - Mongol warlord. Grandson of Genghis Khan. Led drives that exterminated the Assassin sect. Waged War against the Arabs and Persia.
72. Albrecht Wallenstein - Austrian General. Thirty Years War.
73. Charles XII - Swedish King. Northern European Wars.
74. Maarten Tromp - Dutch Admiral. Anglo-Dutch Wars.
75. General John J. Pershing - US General. World War I.
76. Alphonso VIII. - Spanish King. Wars against the Moors.
77. Simon Bolivar - South American revolutionary. War of Liberation against Spain.
78. Louis Faidherbe - French General. West African campaigns in the 19th century.
79. Babar - Mughal Emperor. Wars for Empire Expansion.
80. Cyrus the Great - Persian king. War against the Babylonians.
81. Erich von Luddendorf - German General. World War I.
82. Marshal Tito - Yugoslav Partisan leader - World War II.
83. Alfred Von Tirpitz - German Admiral. World War I.
84. Bernardo O' Higgins - Chilean Revolutionary. Chilean War of Independence.
85. John Paul Jones - American Admiral. American Revolution.
86. Harun Al Rashid - Arab leader. Wars of Arab Conquest.
87. Jahangir - Mughal Emperor. Wars of Mughal Expansion.
88. Jose de San Martin - South American Revolutionary. War of Independence from Spain.
89. Ulysses Grant - Union General. American Civil War.
90. Ferenc Rákóczi II - Hungarian prince. Led revolts against Austrians in 18th century.
91. General Wolfe - British General. Seven Years War - north American campaign.
82. Frederick I Barbarossa - German King. Crusader wars.
93. Darius I - Persian Emperor. Greek-Persian Wars.
94. Gerd Von Runstedt - German general. World War II.
95. Ferdinand Foch - French military leader. World War I.
96. Murad I - Ottoman sultan. Wars of Ottoman expansion - 14th century.
97. Ahmad Shah - Central Asian Warlord. Wars of Afghani expansion - 18th century.
98.Nebuchadnezzer II -Babylonian King. Drove Babylonian expansion. Captured Jerusalem.
99. Bayezid I - Ottoman sultan. Led Ottoman advances into Eastern Europe
100 Most Critical Battles in World History
Taken from my site:
http://www.lonelythinker.com/hist323.html
(Western Perspective of course)
Stalingrad - World War II
The Somme - World War I
Kursk - World War II
Austrelitz - Napoleonic Wars
Jutland - World War I
Poitiers/Tours - Arab Conquest Wars
Passchendaele - World War I
Agincourt - Hundred Years War
Trafalgar - Napoleonic Wars
Kadesh - Egyptian-Hittite War
Tannenburg - World War I
Lepanto - Turkish Wars of the 16th century
Salamis - Greek-Persian Wars
Adrianople - Roman-Visigoth Wars
Lutzen - Thirty Year War
Cannae - Punic Wars
El Alamein - World War II
Waterloo - Napoleonic Wars
Midway - World War II
D-Day - World War II
Port Arthur - Russo-Japanese War
Blenheim - War of the Spanish Succession
Jena and Austadt - Napoleonic Wars
Leningrad - World War II
Marathon - Greek-Persian Wars
Gettysburg - American Civil War
Thermopylae - Greek-Persian Wars
Borodino - Napoleonic Wars
Siege of - Turkish-Byzantine War
Crecy - Hundred Years War
Siege of Alesia - Gallic Wars
Plassey - Seven Years War ( English-Indian Campaign)
Gaugamela - Alexander the Great's Persian Wars
Issus - Alexander the Great's Persian Wars
Granicus - Alexander the Great's Persian Wars
Ramillies - War of the Spanish Succession
Somme - World War I
Coral Sea - World War II
Leipzig - Napoleonic Wars
Saratoga - American Revolution
Monte Cassino - World War II
Poltava - Great Northern War
Marne - World War I
Spanish Armada - English-Spanish War
Ardennes Bulge - World War II
Britain - World War II
Antietam - American Civil War
Yorktown - American Revolution
Inchon - Korean War
Fredericksburg - American Civil War
Toleso - Spanish-Muslim War
Sedan - Prussian-French War
Aegospotami - Peloponnesian War
St Mihiel Salient - World War I
Adowa - Italian- Ethiopian War
Actium - Roman Civil War
First Battle of Ypres - World War I
Chancellorville - American Civil War
Cambrai - World War I
Dien Bien Phu - Vietnam War
Guadalcanal - World War II
Mediggo - World War I
Plains of Abraham - Seven Years War (in Canada)
Vicksburg - American Civil War
Naseby - English Civil War
Zama - Punic Wars
Verdun - World War I
Marston Moor - English Civil War
Boyne - William's War against James II
Teutoburg Forest - Roman-Goth Wars
Sadowa - Prussian- Austrian War
Sinai Campaign - Arab Israeli War
Pearl Harbour - World War II
New Orleans - War of 1812
Solferino - French-Austrian War
Manzikeret - Byzantine-Turk War
Chalons-sur-Marne - Roman-Huns War
Pharsalus - Roman Civil War
Siege of Syracuse - Peloponnesian War
Nile - Napoleonic War
Masada - Roman Campaign in Palestine
Alamo - Mexican-American War
Malplaquet - War of the Spanish Succession
Baltimore - War of 1812
Gallipoli - World War I
Siege of Sevastopol - Crimean War
Acre - Crusader Wars
Leyte Gulf - World War II
Balaclava - Crimean War
Tunis - World War II
Amiens - World War I
Boyaca - South American Wars of Independence
Shiloh - American Civil War
Siege of Vienna (1683) - Austrian-Turkish Wars
Battle of Narva - Great Northern War
Poitiers - Hundred Years War
Valmy - French Revolutionary War
Pyramids - Napoleonic Wars
Salamanca - Napoleonic War (Spanish theater)
Isandlhwana - Zulu War
http://www.lonelythinker.com/hist323.html
(Western Perspective of course)
Stalingrad - World War II
The Somme - World War I
Kursk - World War II
Austrelitz - Napoleonic Wars
Jutland - World War I
Poitiers/Tours - Arab Conquest Wars
Passchendaele - World War I
Agincourt - Hundred Years War
Trafalgar - Napoleonic Wars
Kadesh - Egyptian-Hittite War
Tannenburg - World War I
Lepanto - Turkish Wars of the 16th century
Salamis - Greek-Persian Wars
Adrianople - Roman-Visigoth Wars
Lutzen - Thirty Year War
Cannae - Punic Wars
El Alamein - World War II
Waterloo - Napoleonic Wars
Midway - World War II
D-Day - World War II
Port Arthur - Russo-Japanese War
Blenheim - War of the Spanish Succession
Jena and Austadt - Napoleonic Wars
Leningrad - World War II
Marathon - Greek-Persian Wars
Gettysburg - American Civil War
Thermopylae - Greek-Persian Wars
Borodino - Napoleonic Wars
Siege of - Turkish-Byzantine War
Crecy - Hundred Years War
Siege of Alesia - Gallic Wars
Plassey - Seven Years War ( English-Indian Campaign)
Gaugamela - Alexander the Great's Persian Wars
Issus - Alexander the Great's Persian Wars
Granicus - Alexander the Great's Persian Wars
Ramillies - War of the Spanish Succession
Somme - World War I
Coral Sea - World War II
Leipzig - Napoleonic Wars
Saratoga - American Revolution
Monte Cassino - World War II
Poltava - Great Northern War
Marne - World War I
Spanish Armada - English-Spanish War
Ardennes Bulge - World War II
Britain - World War II
Antietam - American Civil War
Yorktown - American Revolution
Inchon - Korean War
Fredericksburg - American Civil War
Toleso - Spanish-Muslim War
Sedan - Prussian-French War
Aegospotami - Peloponnesian War
St Mihiel Salient - World War I
Adowa - Italian- Ethiopian War
Actium - Roman Civil War
First Battle of Ypres - World War I
Chancellorville - American Civil War
Cambrai - World War I
Dien Bien Phu - Vietnam War
Guadalcanal - World War II
Mediggo - World War I
Plains of Abraham - Seven Years War (in Canada)
Vicksburg - American Civil War
Naseby - English Civil War
Zama - Punic Wars
Verdun - World War I
Marston Moor - English Civil War
Boyne - William's War against James II
Teutoburg Forest - Roman-Goth Wars
Sadowa - Prussian- Austrian War
Sinai Campaign - Arab Israeli War
Pearl Harbour - World War II
New Orleans - War of 1812
Solferino - French-Austrian War
Manzikeret - Byzantine-Turk War
Chalons-sur-Marne - Roman-Huns War
Pharsalus - Roman Civil War
Siege of Syracuse - Peloponnesian War
Nile - Napoleonic War
Masada - Roman Campaign in Palestine
Alamo - Mexican-American War
Malplaquet - War of the Spanish Succession
Baltimore - War of 1812
Gallipoli - World War I
Siege of Sevastopol - Crimean War
Acre - Crusader Wars
Leyte Gulf - World War II
Balaclava - Crimean War
Tunis - World War II
Amiens - World War I
Boyaca - South American Wars of Independence
Shiloh - American Civil War
Siege of Vienna (1683) - Austrian-Turkish Wars
Battle of Narva - Great Northern War
Poitiers - Hundred Years War
Valmy - French Revolutionary War
Pyramids - Napoleonic Wars
Salamanca - Napoleonic War (Spanish theater)
Isandlhwana - Zulu War
Friday, November 30, 2007
Civilizations/Empires/Nation States that have disappeared
The Hebrews/Jews have survived for over 3000 years as a people. The following is a list (off the top of my head) of civilizations/empires/nation states that have collapsed over the same time period. I am sure that there are many more that I have overlooked.
1. Thracians
2. Edomites
3. Philistines
4. Jebusites
5. Ammonites
6. Midianites
7. Amorites
8. Amalakites
9. Babylonians
10. Ancient Egyptians
11. Romans
12. Ionian and Doric Greeks
13. Phoenicians/Carthage
14. Myceneans
15. Celts
16. Ancient Britons
17. Gauls
18. Belgie
19. Cimmerians
20. Lydians
21. Medes
22. Persians - Archamenid, Sassanians and Safavids
23. Mongols
24. Ghazanians
25. Chole
26. Ghana
27. Mali
28. Songhai
29. Aksum
30. Kush
31. Ancient Libyans
32. Islamic Umayyads, Fatimids, Abbasids, Seljuk and Ottoman Turks
33. Crusader Kingdoms
34. Avars
35. Austro-Hungarian Empire
36. Vikings
37. Punt
38. Hellenic Greeks
39. Mamlukes
40. Saracens
41. Holy Roman Empire
42. Burgundians
43. Italian City States
44. Zhou, Three Kingdoms, Han, Qin, Sung, Tang, Yuan, Ming, Manchu dynasties of China
45. Soviet Union
46. The Third Reich
47. European Colonial States
48. Goths - Ostro and Visi
40. Olmecs
41. Toltecs
42. Nazca
43. Inca
44. Aztec
45. Mayan
46. Mohaica
47. Chavin
48. Chimu
49. Moguls
50. Byzantines
51. Phyrigians
52. Macedonians
53. Dacians
54. Illyrians
55. Wends
56. Trojans
57. Indo-Dravidians
58. Huns
59. Teutons
60. Old Zimbabweans
61. San
62. Sheba
63. Saxon Kingdoms
64. Normans
65. Korean Three Kingdoms
66. Vietnamese Annam
67. Cossack Kingdoms
68. Tamerlane's Empire
69. Etruscans
70. Griqua Territories
71. Old Hindu Kingdoms
72. Spanish Kingdoms of Navarre, Leon, Castille, Aragon, Granada
73. Prussia - Hegel's ideal state
74. Arab Pagan Kingdoms
75. Lombards
1. Thracians
2. Edomites
3. Philistines
4. Jebusites
5. Ammonites
6. Midianites
7. Amorites
8. Amalakites
9. Babylonians
10. Ancient Egyptians
11. Romans
12. Ionian and Doric Greeks
13. Phoenicians/Carthage
14. Myceneans
15. Celts
16. Ancient Britons
17. Gauls
18. Belgie
19. Cimmerians
20. Lydians
21. Medes
22. Persians - Archamenid, Sassanians and Safavids
23. Mongols
24. Ghazanians
25. Chole
26. Ghana
27. Mali
28. Songhai
29. Aksum
30. Kush
31. Ancient Libyans
32. Islamic Umayyads, Fatimids, Abbasids, Seljuk and Ottoman Turks
33. Crusader Kingdoms
34. Avars
35. Austro-Hungarian Empire
36. Vikings
37. Punt
38. Hellenic Greeks
39. Mamlukes
40. Saracens
41. Holy Roman Empire
42. Burgundians
43. Italian City States
44. Zhou, Three Kingdoms, Han, Qin, Sung, Tang, Yuan, Ming, Manchu dynasties of China
45. Soviet Union
46. The Third Reich
47. European Colonial States
48. Goths - Ostro and Visi
40. Olmecs
41. Toltecs
42. Nazca
43. Inca
44. Aztec
45. Mayan
46. Mohaica
47. Chavin
48. Chimu
49. Moguls
50. Byzantines
51. Phyrigians
52. Macedonians
53. Dacians
54. Illyrians
55. Wends
56. Trojans
57. Indo-Dravidians
58. Huns
59. Teutons
60. Old Zimbabweans
61. San
62. Sheba
63. Saxon Kingdoms
64. Normans
65. Korean Three Kingdoms
66. Vietnamese Annam
67. Cossack Kingdoms
68. Tamerlane's Empire
69. Etruscans
70. Griqua Territories
71. Old Hindu Kingdoms
72. Spanish Kingdoms of Navarre, Leon, Castille, Aragon, Granada
73. Prussia - Hegel's ideal state
74. Arab Pagan Kingdoms
75. Lombards
Sunday, November 4, 2007
1980s Quiz
1. An airliner belonging to which Country was shot over the Soviet Union in 1983?
2. This Prime Minister of Grenada was killed in a military coup. U.S. troops would then invade the island and institute military rule. Which Prime Minister was this?
3. At which USAF base in the UK did female peace campaigners initiate a permanent picket in 1983?
4. This man succeeded Menachem Begin as Prime Minister of Israel in 1983. Who was he?
5. A Philippine Opposition Leader, this man was shot at Manila Airport after flying home. Who was he?
6. This Nazi war criminal was put on trial in Lyon following extradition in Bolivia. Who was he?
7. This Country became an independent sultanate in 1984 and the 159th member of the United Nations. Which Country was this?
8. Which Temple did Sikh extremists occupy in Amritsar in 1984?
9. In which British City did an IRA bomb kill five people and injure 32 in 1984?
10. To which countries’ cabinet were the Rev. Allen Hendrickse and Amichand Rajbansi appointed in 1984?
11. What was the only state won by Walter Mondale in the 1984 Presidential Election?
12. Operation Moses was carried out to bring Jews from this Country to Israel. Which Country was this?
13. This Priest and Solidarity Supporter was beaten to death by the Secret Police in 1984. Who was he?
14. This man succeeded Yuri Andropov as General Secretary of the USSR. Who was he?
15. The UK and China agreed in 1984 that Hong Kong would be handed over to China in which year?
Answers to The 1980s (III)
1. South Korea. Two hundred and sixty nine people on board were killed.
2. Maurice Bishop.
3. Greenham Common.
4. Yitzhak Shamir.
5. Benigno Aquino.
6. Klaus Barbie.
7. Brunei
8. The Golden Temple. Two hundred and fifty deaths occurred during the course of events which resulted in its recapture by the Indian Army. Many Sikh members of the Army would mutiny to protest the Government’s action.
9. Brighton, during the Conservative Party Conference.
10. The South African Cabinet of President PW Botha. They were the first two non-white men to reach this position.
11. Minnesota, his home State.
12. Ethiopia
13. Father Jerzy Popieluzko.
14. Konstantin Chernenko.
15. 1997
2. This Prime Minister of Grenada was killed in a military coup. U.S. troops would then invade the island and institute military rule. Which Prime Minister was this?
3. At which USAF base in the UK did female peace campaigners initiate a permanent picket in 1983?
4. This man succeeded Menachem Begin as Prime Minister of Israel in 1983. Who was he?
5. A Philippine Opposition Leader, this man was shot at Manila Airport after flying home. Who was he?
6. This Nazi war criminal was put on trial in Lyon following extradition in Bolivia. Who was he?
7. This Country became an independent sultanate in 1984 and the 159th member of the United Nations. Which Country was this?
8. Which Temple did Sikh extremists occupy in Amritsar in 1984?
9. In which British City did an IRA bomb kill five people and injure 32 in 1984?
10. To which countries’ cabinet were the Rev. Allen Hendrickse and Amichand Rajbansi appointed in 1984?
11. What was the only state won by Walter Mondale in the 1984 Presidential Election?
12. Operation Moses was carried out to bring Jews from this Country to Israel. Which Country was this?
13. This Priest and Solidarity Supporter was beaten to death by the Secret Police in 1984. Who was he?
14. This man succeeded Yuri Andropov as General Secretary of the USSR. Who was he?
15. The UK and China agreed in 1984 that Hong Kong would be handed over to China in which year?
Answers to The 1980s (III)
1. South Korea. Two hundred and sixty nine people on board were killed.
2. Maurice Bishop.
3. Greenham Common.
4. Yitzhak Shamir.
5. Benigno Aquino.
6. Klaus Barbie.
7. Brunei
8. The Golden Temple. Two hundred and fifty deaths occurred during the course of events which resulted in its recapture by the Indian Army. Many Sikh members of the Army would mutiny to protest the Government’s action.
9. Brighton, during the Conservative Party Conference.
10. The South African Cabinet of President PW Botha. They were the first two non-white men to reach this position.
11. Minnesota, his home State.
12. Ethiopia
13. Father Jerzy Popieluzko.
14. Konstantin Chernenko.
15. 1997
Guy Fawkes Day - A History
After a five week hiatus I am back with a bang on Guy Fawkes Day.
See below for the full story
Source: http://www.britannia.com/history/g-fawkes.html#GPS
Reproduced by kind permission of the Gunpowder Plot Society
In May of 1604, Guy Fawkes met with Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright and Thomas Wintour at an inn called the Duck and Drake in the fashionable Strand district of London, and agreed under oath along with Percy to join the other three in the gunpowder conspiracy. This oath was then sanctified by the performing of mass and the administering of the sacraments by the Jesuit priest John Gerard in an adjoining room. Fawkes assumed the identity of John Johnson, a servant of Percy and was entrusted to the care of the tenement which Percy had rented. Around Michaelmas, Fawkes was asked to begin preparations for work on the mine, but these plans were delayed until early December as the Commissioners of the Union between England and Scotland were meeting in the same house. Eventually the work in the mine proved slow and difficult for men unused to such physical labours, and further accomplices were sworn into the plot.
About March 1605, the conspirators hired a cellar beneath Parliament, once again through Thomas Percy, and Fawkes assisted in filling the room with barrels of powder, hidden beneath iron bars and faggots. He was then despatched to Flanders to presumably communicate the details of the plot to Stanley and Owen.
At the end of August, he was back in London again, replacing the spoiled powder barrels, and residing at "one Mrs. Herbert's house, a widow that dwells on the backside of St. Clement's Church". He soon left this accommodation when his landlady suspected his involvement with Catholics. On 18 October he travelled to White Webbs for a meeting with Catesby, Thomas Wintour, and Francis Tresham to discuss how certain Catholic peers could be excluded from the explosion. On 26 October, the now famous Monteagle Letter was delivered into the hands of William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle. Concern quickly erupted amongst the conspirators, but the letter's apparent vagueness prompted Catesby to continue with their plans.
On Wednesday 30 October, Fawkes, apparently ignorant of the letter's existence inspected the cellar again and satisfied himself that the gunpowder was still in place and had not been disturbed. On Sunday 3 November, a few of the leading conspirators met in London and agreed that the authorities were still unaware of their actions. However, all except Fawkes made plans for a speedy exit from London. Fawkes had agreed to watch the cellar by himself, having already been given the task of firing the powder, undoubtedly because of his munitions experience in the Low Countries where he had been taught how to "fire a slow train". His orders were to embark for Flanders as soon as the powder was fired, and to spread the news of the explosion on the continent.
On the following Monday afternoon, the Lord Chamberlain, Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk, searched the parliament buildings accompanied by Monteagle and John Whynniard. In the cellar they came upon an unusually large pile of billets and faggots, and perceived Fawkes whom they described as "a very bad and desperate fellow". They asked who claimed the pile, and Fawkes replied that it was Thomas Percy's in whose employment he worked. They reported these details to the King, and believing, by the look of Fawkes "he seemed to be a man shrewd enough, but up to no good", they again searched the cellar, a little before midnight the following night, this time led by Sir Thomas Knyvett, a Westminster magistrate and Gentleman of the Privy Chamber. Fawkes had gone forth to warn Percy that same day, but returned to his post before night. Once again, the pile of billets and faggots was searched and the powder discovered, and this time Fawkes was arrested. On his person they discovered a watch, slow matches and touchwood. Fawkes later declared that had he been in the cellar when Knyvett entered it he would have "blown him up, house, himself, and all".
Early in the morning of 5 November, the Privy Council met in the King's bedchamber, and Fawkes was brought in under guard. He declined to give any information beyond that his name was Johnson and he was a servant of Thomas Percy. Further interrogations that day revealed little more than his apparent xenophobia. When questioned by the King how he could conspire such a hideous treason, Fawkes replied that a dangerous disease required a desperate remedy, and that his intentions were to blow the Scotsmen present back into Scotland.
King James indicated in a letter of 6 November that "The gentler tortours are to be first used unto him, et sic per gradus ad mia tenditur [and so by degrees proceeding to the worst], and so God speed your goode worke", as it [torture] was contrary to English common law, unless authorised by the King or Privy Council. Eventually on 7 November Guido's spirit broke and he confessed his real name and that the plot was confined to five men. "He told us that since he undertook this action he did every day pray to God he might perform that which might be for the advancement of the Catholic Faith and saving his own soul". The following day he recounted the events of the conspiracy, without naming names, then on the 9 November he named his fellow plotters, having heard that some of them had already been arrested at Holbeche. Guido's final signature, a barely legible scrawl, is testament to his suffering. There is no direct evidence as to what tortures were used on Guy Fawkes, although it is almost certain that they included the manacles, and probably also the rack.
On Monday 27 January 1606, the day of the capture of Edward Oldcorne and Henry Garnet, the trial of the eight surviving conspirators began in Westminster Hall. It was a trial in name only, for a guilty verdict had certainly already been handed down. The conspirators pleaded not guilty, a plea which caused some consternation amongst those present. Fawkes later explained that his objection was to the implication that the "seducing Jesuits" were the principal offenders.
On Friday, 31 January 1606, Fawkes, Thomas Wintour, Ambrose Rookwood and Robert Keyes were taken to the Old Palace Yard at Westminster and hanged, drawn and quartered "in the very place which they had planned to demolish in order to hammer home the message of their wickedness". Thomas Wintour was followed by Rookwood and then by Keyes. Guido, the "romantic caped figure of such evil villainy" came last. A contemporary wrote:
"Last of all came the great devil of all, Guy Fawkes, alias Johnson, who should have put fire to the powder. His body being weak with the torture and sickness he was scarce able to go up the ladder, yet with much ado, by the help of the hangman, went high enough to break his neck by the fall. He made no speech, but with his crosses and idle ceremonies made his end upon the gallows and the block, to the great joy of all the beholders that the land was ended of so wicked a villainy"..
See below for the full story
Source: http://www.britannia.com/history/g-fawkes.html#GPS
Reproduced by kind permission of the Gunpowder Plot Society
In May of 1604, Guy Fawkes met with Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright and Thomas Wintour at an inn called the Duck and Drake in the fashionable Strand district of London, and agreed under oath along with Percy to join the other three in the gunpowder conspiracy. This oath was then sanctified by the performing of mass and the administering of the sacraments by the Jesuit priest John Gerard in an adjoining room. Fawkes assumed the identity of John Johnson, a servant of Percy and was entrusted to the care of the tenement which Percy had rented. Around Michaelmas, Fawkes was asked to begin preparations for work on the mine, but these plans were delayed until early December as the Commissioners of the Union between England and Scotland were meeting in the same house. Eventually the work in the mine proved slow and difficult for men unused to such physical labours, and further accomplices were sworn into the plot.
About March 1605, the conspirators hired a cellar beneath Parliament, once again through Thomas Percy, and Fawkes assisted in filling the room with barrels of powder, hidden beneath iron bars and faggots. He was then despatched to Flanders to presumably communicate the details of the plot to Stanley and Owen.
At the end of August, he was back in London again, replacing the spoiled powder barrels, and residing at "one Mrs. Herbert's house, a widow that dwells on the backside of St. Clement's Church". He soon left this accommodation when his landlady suspected his involvement with Catholics. On 18 October he travelled to White Webbs for a meeting with Catesby, Thomas Wintour, and Francis Tresham to discuss how certain Catholic peers could be excluded from the explosion. On 26 October, the now famous Monteagle Letter was delivered into the hands of William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle. Concern quickly erupted amongst the conspirators, but the letter's apparent vagueness prompted Catesby to continue with their plans.
On Wednesday 30 October, Fawkes, apparently ignorant of the letter's existence inspected the cellar again and satisfied himself that the gunpowder was still in place and had not been disturbed. On Sunday 3 November, a few of the leading conspirators met in London and agreed that the authorities were still unaware of their actions. However, all except Fawkes made plans for a speedy exit from London. Fawkes had agreed to watch the cellar by himself, having already been given the task of firing the powder, undoubtedly because of his munitions experience in the Low Countries where he had been taught how to "fire a slow train". His orders were to embark for Flanders as soon as the powder was fired, and to spread the news of the explosion on the continent.
On the following Monday afternoon, the Lord Chamberlain, Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk, searched the parliament buildings accompanied by Monteagle and John Whynniard. In the cellar they came upon an unusually large pile of billets and faggots, and perceived Fawkes whom they described as "a very bad and desperate fellow". They asked who claimed the pile, and Fawkes replied that it was Thomas Percy's in whose employment he worked. They reported these details to the King, and believing, by the look of Fawkes "he seemed to be a man shrewd enough, but up to no good", they again searched the cellar, a little before midnight the following night, this time led by Sir Thomas Knyvett, a Westminster magistrate and Gentleman of the Privy Chamber. Fawkes had gone forth to warn Percy that same day, but returned to his post before night. Once again, the pile of billets and faggots was searched and the powder discovered, and this time Fawkes was arrested. On his person they discovered a watch, slow matches and touchwood. Fawkes later declared that had he been in the cellar when Knyvett entered it he would have "blown him up, house, himself, and all".
Early in the morning of 5 November, the Privy Council met in the King's bedchamber, and Fawkes was brought in under guard. He declined to give any information beyond that his name was Johnson and he was a servant of Thomas Percy. Further interrogations that day revealed little more than his apparent xenophobia. When questioned by the King how he could conspire such a hideous treason, Fawkes replied that a dangerous disease required a desperate remedy, and that his intentions were to blow the Scotsmen present back into Scotland.
King James indicated in a letter of 6 November that "The gentler tortours are to be first used unto him, et sic per gradus ad mia tenditur [and so by degrees proceeding to the worst], and so God speed your goode worke", as it [torture] was contrary to English common law, unless authorised by the King or Privy Council. Eventually on 7 November Guido's spirit broke and he confessed his real name and that the plot was confined to five men. "He told us that since he undertook this action he did every day pray to God he might perform that which might be for the advancement of the Catholic Faith and saving his own soul". The following day he recounted the events of the conspiracy, without naming names, then on the 9 November he named his fellow plotters, having heard that some of them had already been arrested at Holbeche. Guido's final signature, a barely legible scrawl, is testament to his suffering. There is no direct evidence as to what tortures were used on Guy Fawkes, although it is almost certain that they included the manacles, and probably also the rack.
On Monday 27 January 1606, the day of the capture of Edward Oldcorne and Henry Garnet, the trial of the eight surviving conspirators began in Westminster Hall. It was a trial in name only, for a guilty verdict had certainly already been handed down. The conspirators pleaded not guilty, a plea which caused some consternation amongst those present. Fawkes later explained that his objection was to the implication that the "seducing Jesuits" were the principal offenders.
On Friday, 31 January 1606, Fawkes, Thomas Wintour, Ambrose Rookwood and Robert Keyes were taken to the Old Palace Yard at Westminster and hanged, drawn and quartered "in the very place which they had planned to demolish in order to hammer home the message of their wickedness". Thomas Wintour was followed by Rookwood and then by Keyes. Guido, the "romantic caped figure of such evil villainy" came last. A contemporary wrote:
"Last of all came the great devil of all, Guy Fawkes, alias Johnson, who should have put fire to the powder. His body being weak with the torture and sickness he was scarce able to go up the ladder, yet with much ado, by the help of the hangman, went high enough to break his neck by the fall. He made no speech, but with his crosses and idle ceremonies made his end upon the gallows and the block, to the great joy of all the beholders that the land was ended of so wicked a villainy"..
Monday, September 24, 2007
History of Physics I
1. Who coined the term the ‘Big Bang’?
2. In which field of Physics would you find the names of the following individuals: Weber, Gauss, and Tesla?
3. Which American was the Great Champion of Direct Current?
4. In Newton’s Law of Gravitaion, what is the relationship between the force of gravity and the distance between objects?
5. Who discovered the neutron?
6. For what work did Albert Einstein win his Nobel Prize in Physics?
7. Which Scottish Mathematician devised equations for Electromagnetic Radiation?
8. Which Scientist first determined the size of the Universal Gravitation Constant?
9. In which field would you speak of Balmer and Lyman Lines?
10. Who was the first to compare the reflection of light with that of sound waves?
11. Who, in witnessing a supernova, argued that the heavens are not changeless?
12. Which nearby galaxy was described by the Astronomer Al Razi?
13. Which optics invention did Roger Bacon focus on?
14. Newton’s First Law of Motion defines a certain property of matter. What is it?
15. What type of particle accelerator was invented by Ernest Lawrence in 1929?
Answers to History of Physics I
1. Fred Hoyle.
2. Electromagnetism
3. Thomas Edison.
4. The force of gravity varies inversely with respect to the square of the distance between the objects.
5. James Chadwick.
6. The Photoelectric Effect.
7. James Clerk Maxwell.
8. Henry Cavendish.
9. Spectroscopy
10. Leonardo Da Vinci.
11. Tycho Brahe.
12. The Andromeda Galaxy.
13. The Magnifying Lens.
14. Inertia – resistance to acceleration.
15. The cyclotron.
2. In which field of Physics would you find the names of the following individuals: Weber, Gauss, and Tesla?
3. Which American was the Great Champion of Direct Current?
4. In Newton’s Law of Gravitaion, what is the relationship between the force of gravity and the distance between objects?
5. Who discovered the neutron?
6. For what work did Albert Einstein win his Nobel Prize in Physics?
7. Which Scottish Mathematician devised equations for Electromagnetic Radiation?
8. Which Scientist first determined the size of the Universal Gravitation Constant?
9. In which field would you speak of Balmer and Lyman Lines?
10. Who was the first to compare the reflection of light with that of sound waves?
11. Who, in witnessing a supernova, argued that the heavens are not changeless?
12. Which nearby galaxy was described by the Astronomer Al Razi?
13. Which optics invention did Roger Bacon focus on?
14. Newton’s First Law of Motion defines a certain property of matter. What is it?
15. What type of particle accelerator was invented by Ernest Lawrence in 1929?
Answers to History of Physics I
1. Fred Hoyle.
2. Electromagnetism
3. Thomas Edison.
4. The force of gravity varies inversely with respect to the square of the distance between the objects.
5. James Chadwick.
6. The Photoelectric Effect.
7. James Clerk Maxwell.
8. Henry Cavendish.
9. Spectroscopy
10. Leonardo Da Vinci.
11. Tycho Brahe.
12. The Andromeda Galaxy.
13. The Magnifying Lens.
14. Inertia – resistance to acceleration.
15. The cyclotron.
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