Saturday, November 3, 2018

World War One - War on the Eastern Front Timeline

I compiled this as part of my World War One Series.


1914, August 17 - Germany in accordance with the Schlieffen Plan organizes herself for a two-front war. The Russian front was to be defensive focused until France was defeated in the West. Russian position in East Prussia were to be attacked. 

1914, August 12-21 - Serbian forces defeat invading Austria-Hungarian forces at the Battle of Jadar. Austrians will later invade and occupy Belgrade (December 1914) following Battle of Kolubra.

1914, August 26-31 - Germans defeat Russians at the Battle of Tannenberg. German forces are led by Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff. Russian losses exceed 120,000. German losses sit between 10,000 to 15,000.

1914 - Germans win the First Battle  of Masurian Lakes (September 2014). Although this battle was not as catastrophic for the Russians as Tannenberg, An Austrian offense against the Russians fails at Rava Ruska. Germans defeat a Russian force at the Battle of Lodz. Russian casualties in the 90,000 to 100,000 range.

1915- German and Austrian forces march towards the Carpathian Mountains. Poison gas is used for the first time in warfare at Bolimov (by the Germans). Although wind conditions makes its use ineffective. Second Battle of Maurian Lakes sees another Russian defeat with casualties in the 110,00 range. Austrian and Russian offensives in southern sector of Eastern Front turned back. 

1915 - Germany launches spring offensive. Russian front in disarray all the way through to the Baltics. Italy enters the war on the side of the Allies. Fights eleven costly battles against the Austrians at Isonzo River (until 1917). Stalemate persists between these two fighting forces until the Austrians breakthrough at Caporetto in 1917.

1916 - Russian offense fails at Lake Naroch. Once again casualties are in the 100,000 range. Austrians go on the attack against Italians at Trento and Asiago with no long term gains. Brusilov Offensive - named after Russian general Alexei Brusilov - proves successful in Russia's fight against the Austrians.

1916 - Bulgarian and German forces strike at Salonika but are driven north by Allied counter attack at Monastir. Romanian forces fighting for the Allies are pushed back by the Germsns. Bucharest fall to the Central Powers after the Battle of Arges River.

1917 - Russian Revolution in March 1917 following Army mutiny. Tsar Nicholas II abdicates. Provisional government under Alexander Kerensky in control after a brief stay by Prince Lvov.  Germans offer Vladimir IILich Lenin safe conduct by railway to Russia from Finland in the hopes of stirring up more Revolutionary strife.


1917, July - Failed Kerensky Offensive. German counterattacks push back Brusilov's forces. Russia on the verge of defeat signs an Armistice on December 15th at Brest-Litovsk.

1917, October - Bolsheviks seize power in Russia after coup in Petrograd (October Revolution) . Red Guard forces overthrow Kerensky following storming of Winter Palace. Bolsheviks seize control in other cities. Beginning of Russian Civil War - Reds v Whites.

1917 - Austrians breakthrough against Italians at Caporetto. Greece joins the side of the Allies.

1918 - Massive territorial loss for Russia as a result of Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.  Fighting shifts to the West.

1918, September - Bulgarian forces defeated  at the Battle of Vardar by the Allies ending Balkan War.

1918, October - Allied forces finally defeat Austrians at the Battle of Vittorio Veneto. Austrian-Allied armistice reached on November 4th.

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