Sunday, November 25, 2018

World War One Archives - Treaties ending World War

Most People know about the Treaty of Versailles (signed between the Allies and Germany after WWI). I have written about this in an earlier post.

However there were other treaties signed as well.


Treaty of Saint-Germain


Signed between the Allies and Austria after WWI.
Key Points

1. Registered the breakup of Hapsburg Empire
2. Created independent countries of Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary and Yugoslavia.
3. Loss of Eastern Galicia, Trento, Southern Tirol, Trieste and Istria by Austria.
4. Unification with Germany forbidden.
5. Army reduced to 30,000 men. Navy broken up.
​6. Placed many ethnic Germans under Czechoslovakian and Italian jurisdiction.
7. Austria liable for reparations.


Treaty of Sèvres
Treaty signed between UK, France, Italy, Japan  and Tthe Ottoman Empire after WWI.  Involved the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. Negotiations leading up to the treaty were held in London and San Remo.

1. International recognition of the Kingdom of the Hejaz. Includes the Holy cities of Mecca and Medina.
2. Armenia recognized as an independent state.
3. Strict financial control by Allies over Ottoman finances especially Public debt.
4. Army restricted to 50,700 men. Navy reduced in size. Air force prohibited.
5.  Ottoman "War Criminals' to be handed over to the Allies (Article 230).
6. French zone of influence created to include - Syria, South East Anatalia and  portions of East-Central Anatolia.
7. Greek zones of influence around Smyrna setup.
8. Italy given possession of the Dodecanese Islands and influence in parts of Anatolia around Antalya and Konya.
9. Referendum to be held to decide future of Kurdistan.
10. British given mandate over Iraq and Palestine. French mandate over Lebanon and Syria. Balfour Declaration Principles accepted.
11- Territory under Ottoman control reduced from 1.59 million to 0.53 million square kilometers.
12. Opening up of the Dardanelles Straits, Bosporus and Sea of Marmara to shipping.


Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine

Signed by various Allied powers and Bulgaria.

Key Points

1. Western Thrace handed over to Entente. Later given to Greece.
2. Further territory ceded to provide for Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
3. Dobruja returned to Romania
4. Bulgarian Army reduced to 20,000 men
5. Bulgarians to pay 100 million pounds in War Reparations.
6. Recognition of Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

Treaty of Trianon

Treaty signed between Allied Powers and Hungary

Key Points
1. Hungary lost 2/3rd of its territory and 2/3 of its inhabitants.
2. Slovakia handed over to help form Czechoslovakia
3. Austria received Burgenland
4. Yugoslavia took Croatia-Slavonia and part of Banat.
5. Yugoslavia took over the bulk of Banat and Transylvania.
6. Italy received Fiume.
7. Armed forces of Hungary reduced to 35,000 men.
8. Reparations to be determined at a later stage.

The treaty was opposed by many Hungarians as it forced large Magyar populations to fall under the control of foreign nations.

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