2025
First manned landing on Mars; Exploration and an overview of colonization
A joint American-European manned mission landed on Mars in 2025. The spacecraft Enlightenment and its eight-person crew, led by astronauts Rob Grecio and Anna Tsipsis, spent over two hundred hours exploring the Martian surface. The crew obtained valuable information about the planet’s geography and composition, laying the foundation for the later Ares Martian exploration programs. Sixteen Ares manned flights visited the planet between 2028 and 2044. By the year 2050, Earth computers had generated fully detailed schematics outlining the most minute crevices of such natural features as the Olympus Mons. The Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, were explored during the 2050s.
The Ares missions revealed that the red planet’s atmosphere could be easily transformed to create an Earthlike environment and that the planet’s surface was rich in iron ore, manganese, magnesium and silver. The first Martian colony was subsequently founded in the Mariner Valley in 2068. Commercial shuttle flights to Mars were initiated in 2071. By 2160, there were twenty-eight colonies on Mars, with a combined population of two hundred and eighty million people. The Martian colonies united in 2186, forming the Martian Federation (MF), whose population grew to five hundred million by 2238. In the early twenty-third century, Martian entrepreneurs and prospectors had profited greatly from the planet’s rich mineral fields, increasing the relative economic strength of the MF within the context of the then-existing Human worlds.
Quebec independence
The province of Quebec, won independence from Canada by obtaining seventy-five percent of the ‘yes’ vote in a province-wide referendum. The sovereign Quebec Republic was established with Quebec City as its capital and Jean Rimbaud was elected as its first president. By virtue of the Blackwill-Redeaux Accord, Montreal was granted the status of an “International City,” whose inhabitants were awarded the privilege of holding dual Canadian-Quebecois citizenship.
Black Cloud Syndrome
Population growth and industrialization in the Developing World, caused an increase in global air pollution. By 2025, sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxide levels had reached critical levels in Cairo, Lagos, Manila and Shanghai, a phenomenon leading environmentalists dubbed Black Cloud Syndrome.
2026
Human cloning
The controversy engendered by the cloning of a sheep (Dolly) in 1997, gradually petered out until, in 2026, international bans[4] were lifted with the signing of the Open Genes Agreement. Seizing this newly obtained scientific liberty, Alexi Rokoko, a bioengineer at the University of St. Petersburg, led the first group to clone a fully functional Human being, succeeding in 2032. Rokoko’s procedure, Clone Rebirth, overcame duplication resistance caused by genes on the eighth chromosome. Nevertheless, cloned Humans developed poorly until procedures were optimized in the 2060s.
Tamil homeland in Sri Lanka
The Tamils succeeded in winning independence from Sri Lanka. The northern city of Jaffna became the capital of the Tamil Free State, which joined the AEU in 2034.
Hydrogen emerges as “superfuel”
With the gradual decrease in supply of petroleum fuels, other energy alternatives, most notably hydrogen, methane and propane, gained increased usage. By 2026, hydrogen had emerged as a popular and efficient high velocity fuel, creating a class of nouveaux riches known as the Hydrogen Kings.
2027
Border clashes in the Baltic; Russian expansion
An economic dispute escalated into full military confrontation between Poland and Lithuania. Polish forces, headed by Zbigniew Hosea, invaded Lithuania and besieged the capital, Vilnius. Russia, fearful of a Polish advance, attacked the Poles, assisted by Latvian and Estonian troops. After six months of bitter fighting, the Poles were driven westward and Vilnius was liberated. Victory increased the reliance of the Baltic states on Russian protection. Russia reannexed Estonia in 2037, Lithuania in 2038 and Latvia in 2041.
Collapse of Persian Gulf regimes
The Ibn Saud dynasty of Saudi Arabia was overthrown by the Secularist Mahan Bloc. Further secular revolts the same year succeeded in removing royal dynasties in Qatar and Kuwait, however, secular revolutions failed in the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain.
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